Writing
How to Check for Plagiarism: A Step-by-Step Guide
How to check an essay or article for plagiarism, read a similarity report correctly, and fix real problems with quotes, citations and paraphrasing.
Writing guides
Essays, citations, grammar and style: step-by-step guides for students and professionals who want their writing to read well.
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Writing
How to Cite a Lecture in APA, MLA and Chicago
Cite a live lecture, lecture notes, slides or a recorded lecture in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago, with reference formats, in-text citations and fictional examples.
Writing
How to Cite a PDF in APA, MLA and Chicago
A PDF is a file format, not a source type. Learn how to identify what your PDF really is, then cite it correctly in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago with examples.
Writing
How to Cite a Poem in MLA, APA and Chicago (With Line Numbers)
How to cite and quote poems in MLA 9, APA 7 and Chicago: works-cited entries, line numbers, slashes for line breaks, block quotes and poems found online.
Writing
How to Cite a PowerPoint Presentation in APA, MLA and Chicago
Reference formats and in-text citations for PowerPoint slides in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago, including course slides, public slide decks and conference talks.
Writing
How to Cite a YouTube Video in APA, MLA and Chicago
Cite a YouTube video correctly in APA 7, MLA 9 and Chicago: who counts as the author, how to format the title and date, and how to add timestamps in-text.
Writing
How to Cite ChatGPT in APA, MLA and Chicago
How to cite ChatGPT and other AI chatbots in APA, MLA and Chicago, how to describe your prompt, when to disclose AI use, and what not to cite AI for.
Writing
How to Do an In-Text Citation With No Author (APA and MLA)
When a source has no author, cite it by title. See APA 7th and MLA 9th in-text examples for web pages, articles, reports and group authors.
Writing
How to Do Footnotes: Chicago Format, Examples and Word Steps
How to write and insert footnotes: Chicago full and shortened notes, numbering and placement rules, ibid., and steps for Word and Google Docs.
Writing
How to End an Email: Closing Lines and Sign-Offs That Work
How to end an email well: a clear closing line, the right sign-off, a clean signature, and examples for formal, work, academic and casual emails.
Writing
How to Humanize AI Content: An Editor's Guide to Voice and Rhythm
Turn stiff AI-assisted drafts into writing that sounds like you: fix rhythm, cut stock phrases, add specifics, and keep your AI policy in view.
Writing
How to Humanize AI Text Manually: 12 Editing Tips for Real Voice
Hands-on editing techniques that turn a flat AI-assisted draft into writing that sounds like you: rhythm, specifics, real opinions and disclosure.